Rani Rashmoni, a distinguished figure in 19th-century Bengal, was a remarkable businesswoman, philanthropist, and social reformer. Born on September 28, 1793, she rose from humble beginnings to become a powerful zamindar and an influential force during the Bengal Renaissance. Her life story is one of immense courage, piety, and an unwavering commitment to the welfare of others, earning her the revered title "Lokamata."
After the passing of her husband, Babu Rajchandra Das, in 1836, Rani Rashmoni took the reins of their extensive zamindari. Contrary to the expectations of a patriarchal society, she managed the estate with exceptional skill and foresight. She not only accumulated immense wealth but also used her resources for significant charitable and public works. A testament to her benevolent spirit was her patronage of learning, as she provided generous financial support to institutions like the Imperial Library (now the National Library of India) and the Hindu College (now Presidency University).
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| Rani Rashmoni mansion, Kolkata |
Above image: Rani Rashmoni mansion, Kolkata is a heritage mansion In July 2018 the Kolkata Municipal Corporation building department team demolished an illegal construction on the terrace of the sprawling mansion of Rani Rashmoni after it had received a complaint by one of the occupants of the grade-1 heritage structure on Rani Rashmoni Road.......
One of her most significant and lasting legacies is the Dakshineswar Kali Temple complex, which she founded in 1855 on the banks of the Ganges. The temple was built following a divine revelation and stands as a testament to her profound faith. It was at this sacred site that she appointed the young Gadadhar, later known as Sri Ramakrishna Paramhansa, as the head priest. She maintained a close relationship with Sri Ramakrishna and the Ramakrishna Mission, and her piety was a defining characteristic of her life. Her house at Janbazar was renowned for the yearly Durga Puja festivities during Navaratri.
Rani Rashmoni was also a social reformer who championed the cause of the underprivileged. A compelling example of her humanitarian efforts was her initiative to convert marshy lands in the Sunderbans area, including Santoshpur, into fisheries. This project provided a sustainable and comfortable living for local fishermen. It is said that she helped reform groups of thugs and looters, giving them a new, honest profession. This monumental social work transformed the lives of many, as they gave up their plundering ways for an honorable livelihood.
Her defiance of the British administration showcased her unyielding spirit. She challenged them on several occasions, most notably by compelling them to abolish a fishing tax on the Ganges, which had been a heavy burden on the local populace. She also led a successful resistance against orders that sought to halt a Hindu puja procession. Her commitment to social justice extended to her support for Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar's campaign for widow remarriage, and she even submitted a draft bill against polygamy.
Rani Rashmoni's life was a masterclass in living for others. She eschewed a materialistic existence, finding true solace in charity and religious devotion. Her legacy is honored through numerous memorials in Kolkata, and in 1993, the Department of Post of the Government of India issued a postage stamp on her bicentennial. She passed away on February 19, 1861, leaving an indelible mark on Bengal's history and social fabric. Today, the Lokamata Rani Rashmoni Mission at Nimpith in South 24 Parganas, West Bengal, continues her work, a powerful reminder of a woman who dedicated her life to uplifting the lower strata of society.
